Factory Act

The Factory Act, 1948, is a significant legislative framework in India designed to protect the welfare, health, and safety of factory workers.

Introduced on 28 August 1948, this act aims to address the growing concerns over the working conditions in factories, especially following the limitations of the previous Factory Act of 1934.

It provides comprehensive regulations that govern the safety, working hours, and overall welfare of workers in manufacturing units.

Key Provisions of the Factory Act, 1948

• Health: The act mandates that factories maintain a clean and safe working environment. This includes provisions for proper ventilation, sufficient lighting, and measures to control dust and fumes. Factories must also ensure adequate sanitation and hygiene facilities for workers.
• Safety: Given the hazardous nature of machinery in factories, the act enforces safety measures like machine fencing and the removal of dangerous parts. Proper guidelines for the maintenance of equipment are also required to prevent accidents.
• Working Hours: The act specifies that the maximum working hours for factory employees should not exceed 48 hours per week. Additionally, workers are entitled to rest breaks and weekly off days to promote a healthy work-life balance.
• Welfare: The welfare of workers is a central focus, and the act requires facilities for restrooms, first aid, canteens, and areas for washing and drying clothes. These provisions ensure workers' comfort and well-being during their working hours.
• Penalties: Non-compliance with the act can lead to penalties, including fines or imprisonment. This ensures that factories adhere strictly to the guidelines provided, safeguarding worker rights.

Objective of the Factory Act

The Factory Act, 1948, was established to create a balanced approach to protecting the physical and mental well-being of workers, promoting fair treatment and ensuring that their basic rights are upheld in factory environments.

By promoting safe working conditions, the act fosters healthier and more productive workplaces, aligning with broader initiatives for employee satisfaction and retention, including the comprehensive solutions provided by platforms like Plum, which help businesses ensure the well-being of their teams.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q. Who is responsible for enforcing the Factory Act, 1948, and what is the process for reporting violations?

A. The enforcement of the Factory Act, 1948, is handled by the Chief Inspector of Factories, under the state government. Inspectors carry out inspections to ensure compliance. Workers can report violations to these inspectors or their labour unions. Therefore, if a worker feels that any rules under the act are violated, they can approach local authorities or file a complaint through the labour office.

Q. What specific provisions exist for women and young workers under the Factory Act, 1948?

A. The Factory Act includes special protections for women and young workers. Women cannot be employed between 7 PM and 6 AM, though exceptions are possible. Additionally, young workers (those aged 15 to 18) have restricted working hours and are not allowed to work in hazardous conditions. Therefore, the act takes care of the vulnerable workforce by ensuring their safety and fair treatment.

Q. How does the Factory Act, 1948, evolve with technological advancements or modern-day factory setups?

A. While the core principles of the Factory Act remain relevant, amendments and state-specific rules address new challenges posed by modern technologies. The act adapts by adding provisions related to safety, health standards, and automation. As factories evolve, state governments periodically update these rules, therefore ensuring the act remains effective in safeguarding worker welfare.